Rare cases of anti-MOG antibodies in association with tumefactive multiple sclerosis have been described. The presence of anti-MOG antibodies is more common in children with ADEM. However, the coexistence of both antibodies is still a matter of ongoing debate. These patients typically have MS-like brain lesions, multifocal spine lesions and optic nerve atrophy. Rare cases have been described of patients with antibodies against both AQP4 and MOG. However, most NMOSD is an astrocytopathy, specifically an AQP4 antibody-associated disease, whereas MOG antibody-associated disease is an oligodendrocytopathy, suggesting that these are two separate pathologic entities. Seronegative neuromyelitis optica Īnti-MOG antibodies have been described in some patients with NMOSD who were negative for the aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) antibody. Some of these phenotypes have been studied in detail: The most common presenting phenotypes are acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in children and optic neuritis (ON) in adults. Aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis (typically post-infectious).Optic neuritis (including cases of CRION ( chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy ).Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, especially in recurrent and fulminant cases.The presence of anti-MOG autoantibodies has been described in association with the following conditions: The clinical presentation is variable and largely dependent upon the overall clinical manifestation. Serum anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies are present in up to half of patients with an acquired demyelinating syndrome and have been described in association with a range of phenotypic presentations, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and neuromyelitis optica. MOG antibody disease (MOGAD) or MOG antibody-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
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